{"id":988,"date":"2023-08-14T14:26:50","date_gmt":"2023-08-14T11:26:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nuve.com.tr\/NHaber\/?p=988"},"modified":"2023-08-14T14:26:50","modified_gmt":"2023-08-14T11:26:50","slug":"yalin-uretim-ve-uretimde-degisim-yolculugu-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nuve.com.tr\/NHaber\/?p=988","title":{"rendered":"Yal\u0131n \u00dcretim ve \u00dcretimde De\u011fi\u015fim Yolculu\u011fu"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Son y\u0131llarda h\u0131zla artan rekabet ve pandemi nedeni ile t\u0131bbi cihazlara olan talebin \u00e7o\u011falmas\u0131 firmam\u0131zda da de\u011fi\u015fim r\u00fczgarlar\u0131n\u0131n esmesinin habercisi oldu. Firmalar\u0131n ayakta kalabilmeleri bu rekabet ortam\u0131nda daha kaliteli ve daha ucuz \u00fcretmekten ge\u00e7iyor. Maliyetlerin a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ekilmesindeki en \u00f6nemli fakt\u00f6rlerden birisi \u00fcretim birim saatlerinin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesi ve \u00f6zellikle israflar\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rarak m\u00fc\u015fterinin para \u00f6dedi\u011fi de\u011fer katan s\u00fcre\u00e7leri ortaya \u00e7\u0131kararak kalitesizli\u011fin \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7mek. Y\u0131llar \u00f6nce otomotiv sekt\u00f6r\u00fcndeki rekabet ile ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ve beyaz e\u015fya vb. sekt\u00f6rler ile devam eden \u201cYal\u0131n \u00dcretim\u201d d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce tarz\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde t\u00fcm \u015firketlerin ilgi oda\u011f\u0131 haline gelmi\u015f durumda. Biz de N\u00fcve olarak artan rekabet ortam\u0131nda yerimizi korumak, daha rekabet edebilir cihazlar \u00fcretmek ve artan cihaz taleplerini daha h\u0131zl\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layabilmek i\u00e7in 2021 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ilk \u00e7eyre\u011finde ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z de\u011fi\u015fim yolculu\u011funa devam ediyoruz. Do\u011fal olarak bu yolculu\u011fun kolay olmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tahmin edebiliyorduk. 50 y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n s\u00fcrede olu\u015fan k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc de\u011fi\u015ftirmek hi\u00e7 kolay olmad\u0131. Bu de\u011fi\u015fimi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilmek i\u00e7in bir\u00e7ok kaynaktan yararland\u0131k. Tabii ki Amerika\u2019y\u0131 yeniden ke\u015ffetmeye gerek yoktu. Yal\u0131n \u00fcretim d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyaya tan\u0131tan Toyota \u00dcretim Sistemi’nin izinden gitmek en do\u011fru yol olacakt\u0131. Jeffrey K. Liker \u201cToyota Tarz\u0131\u201d adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda Toyota \u00dcretim Sistemi’nin arkas\u0131ndaki k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn 14 ilkesini \u015fu \u015fekilde s\u0131ral\u0131yor:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

1. \u0130lke: Y\u00f6netim kararlar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131sa vadeli finansal hedefler pahas\u0131na bile olsa, uzun vadeli bir felsefeye dayand\u0131r\u0131n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. \u0130lke: Problemleri su y\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kartmak i\u00e7in kesintisiz bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 yarat\u0131n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. \u0130lke: Fazla \u00fcretimden kurtulmak i\u00e7in \u201c\u00c7ekme\u201d sistemlerini kullan\u0131n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. \u0130lke: \u0130\u015f y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc d\u00fczle\u015ftirin (Heijunka).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. \u0130lke: Kaliteyi ba\u015ftan sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in problemleri \u00e7\u00f6zmek \u00fczere durdurma k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc geli\u015ftirin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. \u0130lke: G\u00f6revleri standartla\u015ft\u0131rarak s\u00fcrekli iyile\u015ftirmenin ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n yetkilendirilmesinin temelini olu\u015fturun.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7. \u0130lke: G\u00f6rsel kontrol\u00fc hi\u00e7bir problemin sakl\u0131 kalmayaca\u011f\u0131 \u015fekilde kullan\u0131n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8. \u0130lke: Sadece insanlar\u0131n\u0131za ve s\u00fcrece hizmet eden, \u00f6zenle test edilmi\u015f teknolojiyi kullan\u0131n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

9. \u0130lke: \u0130\u015fi iyi anlayan, felsefeyi ya\u015fayan ve ba\u015fkalar\u0131na \u00f6\u011freten liderler yeti\u015ftirin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10. \u0130lke: \u015eirketinizin felsefesini izleyen istisnai insanlar ve ekipler yeti\u015ftirin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

11. \u0130lke: \u0130yile\u015fmeye onlar\u0131 zorlayarak ve iyile\u015fmelerine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olarak geni\u015f partner ve tedarik\u00e7i \u015febekenize sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

12. \u0130lke: Durumu tam olarak anlamak i\u00e7in gidip kendi g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fczle g\u00f6r\u00fcn (Genchi Genbutsu).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

13. \u0130lke: Kararlar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 acele etmeden, b\u00fct\u00fcn se\u00e7enekleri iyice de\u011ferlendirerek, mutabakatla al\u0131n ve ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z karar\u0131 h\u0131zla uygulay\u0131n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

14. \u0130lke: Yans\u0131tma (Hansei) ve s\u00fcrekli iyile\u015ftirme (Kaizen) yoluyla \u00f6\u011frenen bir \u00f6rg\u00fct haline gelin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bu ilkelerin tamam\u0131n\u0131 bug\u00fcnden yar\u0131na uygulayabilmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. Toyota bu ilkeleri, on y\u0131llar i\u00e7erisinde ve Japon k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne uygun olarak s\u00fcrekli \u00f6\u011frenerek geli\u015ftirdi ve otomotiv pazar\u0131nda liderli\u011fe y\u00fckseldi. D\u00fcnyada ve \u00fclkemizde maalesef bir\u00e7ok firma Toyota \u00fcretim sistemini kopyalayarak ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015fabilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc; fakat yan\u0131ld\u0131lar. Maalesef ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131kla sonu\u00e7lanan bir\u00e7ok yal\u0131n d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm uygulamalar\u0131 mevcut. K\u00fclt\u00fcr fark\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 bu ilkeleri \u00fclkemizde ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde uygulaman\u0131n zorlu\u011funun fark\u0131na vararak \u201cYal\u0131n \u00dcretim\u201d d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne uygun bir \u015fekilde ge\u00e7i\u015f sa\u011flamada di\u011fer dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k firmalar\u0131ndan ayr\u0131lan ERASYS (Uygulamac\u0131 Dan\u0131\u015fman) firmas\u0131 ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma karar\u0131 ald\u0131k. Ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bu karar\u0131 h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde uygulamaya koyarak de\u011fi\u015fim s\u00fcrecini en az hasar ve k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131m\u0131za ba\u015flad\u0131k.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uygulamac\u0131 Dan\u0131\u015fman firmam\u0131z ile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z saha g\u00f6zetimleri sonucunda de\u011fi\u015fime, masa \u00fcst\u00fc cihazlar\u0131n montaj hatt\u0131nda ba\u015flamaya karar verdik. Y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar halinde montaj i\u015flemi yapmak yerine, montaj a\u015famalar\u0131n\u0131 belirli bir s\u0131raya koyarak kesintisiz ak\u0131\u015f sa\u011flayan bir montaj hatt\u0131 kuruldu. B\u00f6ylelikle montaj i\u015flemleri standart hale getirilerek ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan problemlerin an\u0131nda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenmesi sa\u011fland\u0131 ve verimli bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131. Kesintisiz ak\u0131\u015f sa\u011flayan bir hatt\u0131n kurulmas\u0131, \u201cMuda\u201d olarak bilinen israflar\u0131n g\u00fcn y\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131nda ve \u00f6nlenmesinde b\u00fcy\u00fck yarar sa\u011fl\u0131yor. Bu israflar\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekilde s\u0131ralayabiliriz:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Bekleme<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Fazla operasyon<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 \u00dcretim hatalar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Fazla hareketler<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Ta\u015f\u0131ma<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Fazla stok<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Fazla \u00fcretim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fan fikrini almamak<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Uyum eksikli\u011fi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kurulan hat ile montaj operat\u00f6rlerinin s\u00fcrekli olarak ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 malzeme, el aleti vb. arama ile ge\u00e7en zaman israf\u0131, bekleme, ta\u015f\u0131ma, fazla operasyon ve fazla hareket israflar\u0131 da g\u00fcn y\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131larak b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde \u00f6nlendi. Hatt\u0131n kurulmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda s\u00fcrekli olarak operat\u00f6rlerin de fikirlerine ba\u015fvurarak \u00f6zellikle \u0130SG ve ergonomi konular\u0131nda ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 problemlerin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcne odakl\u0131 hat i\u00e7erisindeki istasyonlar\u0131n tasar\u0131mlar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Her sabah yap\u0131lan hat ba\u015f\u0131 toplant\u0131lar\u0131 ile bir \u00f6nceki g\u00fcn ya\u015fanan problemler, ilgili birimlerin (\u00dcretim, AR-GE, Kalite, Sat\u0131n Alma) kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 sayesinde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme kavu\u015fturularak tekrarlanmas\u0131 \u00f6nlenmektedir. Hatt\u0131n devreye al\u0131nmas\u0131 ve s\u0131k\u0131 takibi neticesinde \u00fcretim s\u00fcreleri ve teslimat zamanlar\u0131nda \u00f6nemli d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fler sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. H\u00e2lihaz\u0131rda \u201cAY\u201d ismini verdi\u011fimiz mevcut hatt\u0131n iyile\u015ftirme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 devam etmektedir. Ay Hatt\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kurulmas\u0131 ve i\u015fleyi\u015fi s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00f6\u011frendiklerimizi di\u011fer \u00fcretim birimlerine de aktarma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131m\u0131z devam ediyor. \u00d6ncelikle 2022 y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde zemin \u00fcst\u00fc olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z di\u011fer \u00fcr\u00fcn gruplar\u0131n\u0131n montaj hatt\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na da ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f olup \u201cYILDIZ\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fimiz hatt\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 da en k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede devreye almay\u0131 hedefliyoruz. Yal\u0131n d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 paralelinde \u00fcretim hatt\u0131nda dijitalle\u015fme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131m\u0131z da h\u0131z kazand\u0131. \u00d6ncelikle \u00fcretim hatt\u0131na yerle\u015ftirdi\u011fimiz end\u00fcstriyel bilgisayarlar ile operat\u00f6rlerin ilgili \u00fcr\u00fcn g\u00fcncel teknik resimlerine ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f olduk. B\u00f6ylelikle \u00fcretim b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde dosyalar halinde saklanan ve revizyon takibinin zor ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi\u011fi bas\u0131l\u0131 teknik resimlerin dijital ortama ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 ile ilgili do\u011fru teknik resimlere ula\u015f\u0131m kolayla\u015ft\u0131. End\u00fcstriyel bilgisayarlara y\u00fcklenen cihazlar\u0131n solidworks composer dosyalar\u0131 ile \u00fcr\u00fcn a\u011fac\u0131 eri\u015fimleri ve patlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f montaj resimleri ile bilgiye eri\u015fim h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fan t\u00fcm operat\u00f6rlerimize kullan\u0131c\u0131 e\u011fitimleri verilerek \u00fcretimde dijitalle\u015fme yolculu\u011fu ba\u015flat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu. \u00dcretim b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne yerle\u015ftirilen end\u00fcstriyel yaz\u0131c\u0131lar ile yar\u0131 mamul ve cihaz tan\u0131m etiketleri operat\u00f6rler taraf\u0131ndan olu\u015fturularak izlenebilirli\u011fi sa\u011flamada b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. H\u00e2lihaz\u0131rda her bir i\u015f emri i\u00e7in olu\u015fturulan \u00fcretim dosyalar\u0131n\u0131n dijital ortama ta\u015f\u0131nma s\u00fcreci devam etmektedir. S\u00fcre\u00e7 sonunda t\u00fcm operat\u00f6rlerimiz \u201cEl Terminalleri\u201d arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile \u00fcretim dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131k dijital ortamda olu\u015fturmaya ba\u015flayarak zaman ve k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t israf\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemi\u015f olaca\u011f\u0131z. \u201c\u00d6l\u00e7emedi\u011finiz bir s\u00fcreci iyile\u015ftiremezsiniz\u201d \u00dcretim s\u00fcrecinin dijital ortama ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 ile sahadan veri toplamak daha kolay ve h\u0131zl\u0131 hale gelerek iyile\u015ftirme noktalar\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesinde b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131 sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r. Bu sayede s\u00fcrekli iyile\u015ftirme felsefesini daha etkin bir \u015fekilde \u015firket k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc olarak benimsenmesi sa\u011flanacakt\u0131r. N\u00fcve\u2019de de\u011fi\u015fimin ilk \u00f6nc\u00fcleri olarak \u00fcretim b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan herkes ayn\u0131 hedef etraf\u0131nda birliktelik g\u00f6stermektedir. Aram\u0131za yeni kat\u0131lan arkada\u015flar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n farkl\u0131 bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 ile senelerdir aram\u0131zda olan arkada\u015flar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n tecr\u00fcbeleri g\u00fczel bir sinerji olu\u015fturarak de\u011fi\u015fimin daha h\u0131zl\u0131 ve kolay olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131. Tabii ki \u00fcst y\u00f6netimin ko\u015fulsuz deste\u011fi ve di\u011fer b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerin katk\u0131lar\u0131 ile de\u011fi\u015fim yolculu\u011fumuz emin ad\u0131mlarla devam ediyor ve edecek. Son olarak yaz\u0131m\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda belirtti\u011fim Toyota \u00dcretim Sistemi’nin 14 ilkesini tam anlam\u0131 ile uygulamak ger\u00e7ekten \u00e7ok zor. Ama i\u015fe birinci ilkeyi benimseyerek ba\u015flamak di\u011fer ilkelerin uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 daha da kolayla\u015ft\u0131raca\u011f\u0131 kan\u0131s\u0131nday\u0131m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cBa\u015far\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli etmenleri sab\u0131r, k\u0131sa vadeli sonu\u00e7lardan \u00e7ok uzun vadeli hedeflere odaklanmak, insana, \u00fcr\u00fcne ve i\u015fletmeye yat\u0131r\u0131m yapmak ve kaliteye \u00f6d\u00fcns\u00fcz bir ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6stermektir.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

*Robert B. McCurry, Toyota Motor Sat\u0131\u015f Eski Ba\u015fkan Yrd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

U\u011fur Ercan-N\u00fcve \u00dcretim M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Son y\u0131llarda h\u0131zla artan rekabet ve pandemi nedeni ile t\u0131bbi cihazlara olan talebin \u00e7o\u011falmas\u0131 firmam\u0131zda da de\u011fi\u015fim r\u00fczgarlar\u0131n\u0131n esmesinin habercisi oldu. Firmalar\u0131n ayakta kalabilmeleri bu rekabet ortam\u0131nda daha kaliteli ve daha ucuz \u00fcretmekten ge\u00e7iyor. Maliyetlerin a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ekilmesindeki en \u00f6nemli fakt\u00f6rlerden birisi \u00fcretim birim saatlerinin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesi ve \u00f6zellikle israflar\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rarak m\u00fc\u015fterinin para \u00f6dedi\u011fi de\u011fer katan […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":989,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-988","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nuve.com.tr\/NHaber\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/988","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nuve.com.tr\/NHaber\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nuve.com.tr\/NHaber\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nuve.com.tr\/NHaber\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nuve.com.tr\/NHaber\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=988"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/nuve.com.tr\/NHaber\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/988\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1002,"href":"https:\/\/nuve.com.tr\/NHaber\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/988\/revisions\/1002"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nuve.com.tr\/NHaber\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/989"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nuve.com.tr\/NHaber\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=988"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nuve.com.tr\/NHaber\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=988"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nuve.com.tr\/NHaber\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=988"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}